Palm kernel expeller meal (PKE) combines mid to high energy levels (around 8% fat and 65% neutral detergent fibre (NDF)) with moderate protein levels.
PKE is a by-product of the crushing and physical expelling of oil from the kernel of the fruit of the oil palm tree (Elaeis guineensis). The outer fleshy fruit of the palm fruit is removed and extracted to produce palm oil leaving the kernel. After removing the shell, the kernels are also crushed to release palm kernel oil, leaving behind PKE which is used in the dairy industry.
PKE is sourced from the palm oil industry in South East Asia, mainly from Malaysia.
Features and benefits
PKE is very low in starch and sugars (most of the energy coming from oil and NDF) and does not cause any risk of developing acidosis. Few rumen health issues are likely to be experienced.
The high fermentable NDF level in PKE is a substrate for acetic and butyric acid production which will aid the production of milk fat and stimulates cow condition.
PKE’s moderately fast fermentable NDF and higher protein levels makes it ideally suitable to be fed in conjunction with high starch, low protein supplements like maize silage or tapioca.
Lower palatability of PKE will affect voluntary intake levels during the first period after introduction. It is best introduced mixed with more palatable inputs like molasses or silage. After approximately 10 days cows will consume it straight.
The NDF in PKE has a small particle size and is low in effective fibre. PKE should be fed with a long (effective) fibre source to establish sufficient rumination.
The calcium to phosphorous ratio of PKE is low as is sodium. Calcium and sodium may need to be supplemented if PKE is fed at high levels.
Typical analysis
| Moisture | 8.0% | Ash | 4.5% |
| Protein | 15.5% | Calcium | 0.20% |
| Metabolisable energy (ME) | 10-12.5 MJ/kg | Phosphorus | 0.49% |
| Digestible energy, pig (DE pig) | 10.5MJ/kg | Potassium | 0.60% |
| Apparent metabolisable energy, poultry (AME poultry) | 7.0 MJ/kg | Sodium | 0.01% |
| Fat | 8.0% | Magnesium | 0.23% |
| Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) | 67% | Copper | 24 ppm |
| Acid detergent fibre (ADF) | 42% | Lysine | 0.50% |
| Crude fibre | 17.7% | Methionine | 0.32% |
note: typical analysis only, not specification.
Download the PKE fact sheet [Link to fact sheet]
These feeding recommendations are to be used as a guide only. Readers should not rely on these guidelines in making specific feeding decisions but should consult an appropriate nutritionist for specific total dietary approach recommendations. Bunge makes no warranties that these recommendations are suitable for any particular herd or for any particular animal. Bunge disclaims any liability for any problems encountered in the use of these recommendations.
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